International Relations
Abolfazl Anaei
Abstract
The decline of the hegemonic cycle of the United States and the shift of the systematic geographic core of world capital accumulation towards China in the recent capitalist crisis have brought about fundamental changes in the mechanisms of the world system. In this sphere, the analysis of the systemic ...
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The decline of the hegemonic cycle of the United States and the shift of the systematic geographic core of world capital accumulation towards China in the recent capitalist crisis have brought about fundamental changes in the mechanisms of the world system. In this sphere, the analysis of the systemic transformation of capitalist based on the uncertain development process of Chinese hegemonic control over the world system is a necessity in understanding structural metamorphosis world system and the structural tendency of the late capitalist crisis. Therefore, the main question of the article is stated as follows: What will be the consequence(s) of the transition to the possible fourth cycle of Chinese hegemony in the reconstruction of the capitalist world system ? The hypothesis of the article indicates that the possible fourth cycle of Chinese hegemony will be the origin for the development of the horizontal management of the world system and the emergence of multiple international centers of power. The method of the article will be configured in the form of systemic analysis based on the creation of a theoretical model combining the world-systems analysis and the theory of uncertainty in systemic bifurcations.
Political Sociology
Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ashayeri; Fatemeh Mahtabi
Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the factors affecting political apathy. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis. In this study, the researcher has identified and categorized the studies related to the factors affecting political apathy in the period of 2001-2022. The statistical population ...
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The aim of the research is to study the factors affecting political apathy. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis. In this study, the researcher has identified and categorized the studies related to the factors affecting political apathy in the period of 2001-2022. The statistical population of the research was 23 research documents; that, 11 documents have been selected after checking in terms of method, validity, validity and scientific findings. method, sample size, correlation coefficient, significance level, statistical population, and year were the selection criteria of these researches. The results showed that there is a very positive and important relationship between political factors(political distrust, political dissatisfaction, political alienation, lack of citizenship rights, political anomie, low political culture); social factors(social anomie, social commitment, social health, national identity, low social vitality, organizational identity, occupational identity, lack of social transparency, feeling of social injustice, social lawlessness, low quality of life); cultural factors (domestic media consumption, degree of religiosity, social networks, satellite networks, cultural anomie, individualism); economic factors(economic capital, relative deprivation, unemployment, socio-economic class); and demographic factors(education, place of residence, age, marital status), with political apathy. based on the study, political apathy is affected by several factors, including economic, political, cultural and social.
International Relations
Mohammad Ali Basiri; Milad Mirinamniha
Abstract
Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important ...
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Conceptually, identity refers to a set of perceptual characteristics of people and human societies to distinguish them from each other. This concept has always transformed into a pretext to satisfy the subjective interests of governments at transnational levels. Securitization is one of the important strategies to implement this process, but the experiences resulting from the application of this strategy in different eras always show damage to the objective development of the countries in the long term. Therefore, the question is how identity securitization in foreign policy causes conflict between subjective and objective interests. Emphasizing Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and China as examples, the researchers' hypothesis states that identity securitization in foreign policy causes the deterioration of the objective development of the country and the crystallization of its conflict with the subjective interests of government due to the depletion of economic and human resources to impose semantic coercive on others, along with the obvious reaction of others to this action. Taking advantage of the innovative analytical orientation based on the Copenhagen school's securitization theory, ultimately led to the confirmation of the mentioned hypothesis in the end. The method of this research was descriptive-analytical combined with the use of library and
Political Psychology
mohsen barghi; amir masoud shahramina; fariborz moharamkhani; Seyyed Mohsen DavazdahEmami
Abstract
The numerous social protests in our country in recent decades indicate the existence of problems in society. The question is why the Iranian subject has become hysterical and demonstrates its protest in a practical manner during the past decade. This article addresses this issue within the framework ...
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The numerous social protests in our country in recent decades indicate the existence of problems in society. The question is why the Iranian subject has become hysterical and demonstrates its protest in a practical manner during the past decade. This article addresses this issue within the framework of Lacanian theory and through a descriptive-analytical approach. Lacan attributes agency to the unconscious rather than the ego, considering the subject to have dimensions beyond the human individual. His theories are not merely psychoanalytic techniques; rather, he elevates his theories in the field of society to the level of ontological discussions by introducing the concepts of fantasy and the anamorphic reality. Lacan, by introducing the concept of non-identification subjectivity, sheds new light on the relationship between individual aspirations and social goals. The result of this investigation reveals that due to noticeable economic and social deficiencies, the ideological fantasy after the revolution has lost its functionality. Hence, the Iranian subject, instead of conforming to the discourse of the Master, challenges it and actively seeks to construct a new fantasy for itself.
Iranian Domestic Policy
Mohsen Mizazade; Hamid Reza Rhamanizadeh Dehkordi
Abstract
Many contemporary political conflicts in Iran result from the clash between tradition and modernity. Traditionalists like Ahmad Ferdid, Reza Davari Ardakani, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr staunchly champion tradition while wholly rejecting modernity. Surprisingly, there has been a significant dearth of scholarly ...
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Many contemporary political conflicts in Iran result from the clash between tradition and modernity. Traditionalists like Ahmad Ferdid, Reza Davari Ardakani, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr staunchly champion tradition while wholly rejecting modernity. Surprisingly, there has been a significant dearth of scholarly scrutiny directed toward the epistemological foundations underpinning their unwavering support for tradition. This research aims to unveil the epistemological scaffold upon which traditionalists rely, utilizing the "ratio decidendi" method. In contrast to prior studies primarily fixated on traditionalists' envisioned epistemology, this inquiry delves into their innate epistemological perspectives concerning tradition and modernity. The findings suggest that attempting to reconcile tradition and modernity by treating tradition as a whole presents an insurmountable challenge. Alternatively, by conceiving tradition as a collection, subject to augmentation or reduction, a potential pathway emerges for a partial amalgamation of tradition and modernity. Traditionalists, who regard tradition and modernity as immutable and unalterable wholes, aspire to eliminate modernity and establish an all-encompassing traditional system. Nonetheless, it is noteworthy that Nasr offers a circumscribed yet contingent framework for the coexistence of tradition and modernity.
Developments in the Middle East
farshid farhadi; Afshin Mottaghi
Abstract
Saudi Arabia, as a country that plays a major role in the political equations of Regional order of West Asia, has defined Islamic Republic of Iran as its primary rival in the region. This applied research aims to draw the future scenarios of Saudi Arabia toward Iran was based on the GBN method. The statistical ...
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Saudi Arabia, as a country that plays a major role in the political equations of Regional order of West Asia, has defined Islamic Republic of Iran as its primary rival in the region. This applied research aims to draw the future scenarios of Saudi Arabia toward Iran was based on the GBN method. The statistical population is composed of two main categories: documents and elites. The latter is also divided into academic and executive groups. Data collection is also carried out using the library study and field survey methods. The research findings yielded 2 possible scenarios of Escape from Hobbesian and Again the spiral of fear. The general analysis of the scenarios suggests that new season will begin in the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. A situation whose important feature will be to reduce the intensity of tension and conflict between the two countries in the horizon of 2030. Of course, if the drivers of chaos, such as the negative role of America and Israel, do not prevail.
Political Sociology
Reza Sehhat Manesh
Abstract
Two different eras can be recognized in the Safavid period. First era included the beginning to the Zahab Peace Treaty and the second era from the Zahab Peace Treaty to the fall of Isfahan by the Afghan invaders. In the first era, Safavid kings showed warlike tendencies and religious authorities were ...
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Two different eras can be recognized in the Safavid period. First era included the beginning to the Zahab Peace Treaty and the second era from the Zahab Peace Treaty to the fall of Isfahan by the Afghan invaders. In the first era, Safavid kings showed warlike tendencies and religious authorities were not allowed to interfere in political affairs. But in the second era, the Safavid kings clearly showed Sharia tendencies and the clerics were placed at the apex of the religious structure. In the present research, the influence of Sharia trends on military morale and the Safavid army has been investigated and the question has been answered: How did the Sharia trends and the close relations of Safavid kings with clerical authorities affect other duties, especially military duties?The results of the research indicate that the Safavid kings had a lot of leisure after the Zahab peace with the Ottomans (1049 AH), as well as the change of the confrontation with the Uzbeks from straight confrontation to vassalage, this separated them from the battlefield, and their fighting arena was limited. They openly turned to Sharia by courting and meeting with clerics and scholars.
International Relations
Zahra Akbari; Gholam Reza Haddad
Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed competition between China and the United States that includes various aspects. The competition between these two is an opportunity for Iran to make the most of it by defining new strategies and avoiding direct involvement in future tensions. Based on the concept of ...
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In recent years, we have witnessed competition between China and the United States that includes various aspects. The competition between these two is an opportunity for Iran to make the most of it by defining new strategies and avoiding direct involvement in future tensions. Based on the concept of smart power and in order to achieve the best strategies, in addition to domestic weaknesses and strengths, we should also pay attention to the threats and opportunities created by the competition between the two. Therefore, in response to the central question of the research: What are the best strategies for Iran to take advantage of the competition between China and America? The information has been collected using documentary-library sources and semi-structured interviews with experts. In this pattern; Strengths + opportunities: aggressive strategies, strengths + threats: conservative strategies, weaknesses + opportunities: competitive strategies, and weaknesses + threats: defensive strategies. The main strategies mentioned include the simultaneous use of the technologies of the two powers while trying to reduce dependence on the parties; Paying attention to the category of public-media diplomacy to persuade public opinion to adopt new strategies; and establishing proper trade relations with different countries to avoid dependence on one country.
International Relations
Sajjad sadeghi
Abstract
The research on evolution and knowledge pathology of Iranian IR is theoretically impoverished. However, the reasons for the non-formation of Iranian theories will not be possible except through an autopsy and the discovery of weak points with a comparative view based on the question "why the American ...
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The research on evolution and knowledge pathology of Iranian IR is theoretically impoverished. However, the reasons for the non-formation of Iranian theories will not be possible except through an autopsy and the discovery of weak points with a comparative view based on the question "why the American and European IR academic community was able and we could not". The importance of this issue is to the extent that without understanding what challenges the weakness of acquired knowledge has created for the knowledge of IR, it is not possible to provide a solution to get out of the current situation. Based on this, the "acquired knowledge" of 375 IR students and graduates from 15 universities was first "conceptualized" using the method of "categorical content analysis" based on theoretical keywords, and then the results were tested with the "self-evaluation" approach and finally based on statistically comparing the results of both measurement styles with existing realities.The final results confirmed the theoretical weakness of acquired knowledge and proved the hypothesis of this research. The results of this research show that in the current situation, reforming the process of "acquired knowledge from education" should be the priority of Iran's IR academic community.
habibollah fadavi; Seyed Asghar Keivan Hosseini
Abstract
Although in the first decade of the Islamic revolution, there were signs of "Islamic idealism discourse" in Iran's foreign policy, but following the establishment of the constructive government in 1368, evidence of a change in the said discourse was gradually revealed;In the meantime, the security policy ...
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Although in the first decade of the Islamic revolution, there were signs of "Islamic idealism discourse" in Iran's foreign policy, but following the establishment of the constructive government in 1368, evidence of a change in the said discourse was gradually revealed;In the meantime, the security policy of the Islamic Republic also encountered new innovations; The transformation that was the product of post-war domestic conditions and emerging regional and international developments and brought signs of an intellectual capacity based on (relative) consensus among decision makers.Based on this, the main question of this article is: in the framework of the construction government's security policy system in the period from 1368 to 1376, how was the relationship between development and security considerations established? In response, the desired hypothesis was also formed in this format:In the framework of the security policy, "economic development" was placed as the most central strategy of the security policy of the construction government (1368-1376) and according to this model and national role, national security and national development were considered identical.The main finding of the article also refers to the pragmatism of the construction government's security policy, beyond a historical experience.
Political Sociology
Abbas Sohrab Zadeh; jafar narimani
Abstract
Explaining the model of factors affecting the political-economic development of Ilam provinceWith emphasis upon the role of official elites AbstractHistorical studies show the key role of elites in social, political, economic and cultural developments. Due attention of many advanced and developed countries ...
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Explaining the model of factors affecting the political-economic development of Ilam provinceWith emphasis upon the role of official elites AbstractHistorical studies show the key role of elites in social, political, economic and cultural developments. Due attention of many advanced and developed countries indicates that the elites of the country, especially the ruling political elites, play an important role in the process of development through their crucial role in decision making and administration of the country.The statistical population of the research in qualitative part of it includes 30 experts, professors and local elites. The sampling method for qualitative method of the research is nonrandom and snowball approach, and the sample volume continues until the time of theoretical saturation. And also in qualitative part the sample encompasses 384 people from the local elites of Ilam province.For data analysis, Spss and Amos software were used with structural equation factorial method.developmentalism, the structure of Islamic society, culture building, the atmosphere of scientific competition, strategic orientation, and political institutionalization are among factors affecting political and economic development of the Ilam province with due attention paid to the role of official elites.Key words: development, political, economic, elites, Ilam province
Developments in the Islamic world
Zahed Ghaffari Hashjin; mohsen karimi shiroodi
Abstract
The developments of the last two decades in Afghanistan, from the American attack in 2001 and the fall of the Taliban to the Taliban's re-domination of Afghanistan in 2021, brought a new experience to the Afghan society. After the Taliban regained control, most of the analyzes in explaining these developments ...
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The developments of the last two decades in Afghanistan, from the American attack in 2001 and the fall of the Taliban to the Taliban's re-domination of Afghanistan in 2021, brought a new experience to the Afghan society. After the Taliban regained control, most of the analyzes in explaining these developments consider it to be due to the power vacuum caused by the hasty withdrawal of the United States; However, this matter was a matter of acceleration. The current research aims to investigate the underlying causes of the re-domination of the Taliban in Afghanistan. This research used Dekamjian's periodic theory to examine the developments of the last two decades in Afghanistan. The research question is, what are the reasons for the re-domination of the Taliban in Afghanistan based on Dekamjian's periodic theory? The research method is descriptive-explanatory and library and document collection method. The findings of the research show that the social crises caused by the crisis environment, including identity crisis, legitimacy crisis, mismanagement by the rulers and pressure and repression, class conflict, military weakness and cultural crisis in Afghanistan have led to the emergence and re-dominance of the Taliban in Afghanistan as a fundamentalist response.
Public policy
mahsa shah mohammadi; Mojtaba Maghsodi; mohammad ali khosravi; nader houshmandyar
Abstract
The topic of dual nationality has become a challenging issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran for many years. This study using a qualitative method and relying on the principle of responsibility in government tries to evaluate the existing approaches towards Iranian dual nationals.The main question is, ...
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The topic of dual nationality has become a challenging issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran for many years. This study using a qualitative method and relying on the principle of responsibility in government tries to evaluate the existing approaches towards Iranian dual nationals.The main question is, "What are the existing approaches towards Iranian dual nationality, and what is the government's responsibility towards them?", and the main hypothesis is: “The predominance of a purely threat-oriented or purely opportunity-oriented view during the last few decades among the governments, instead of formulating moderate policies, in addition to making the issue of Iranian dual nationality more complicated and even distancing Iranians abroad from their homeland, have been incurred many expenses for national interests of Iran in the domestic and global arena. Also, in the following, this subject will be examined that creating a balance between the negative and positive views of officials on the one hand and creating trust-building attractions between the two dual nationality on the other hand, can provide a suitable basis for coherent and efficient policy-making and the development of an optimal model for solving the problem of Iranian dual nationals.
Abbas Soleimani; Hakem Ghasemi; Masoud Alborzi Verki; Iraj Goljani Amirkhiz; Abbas Moghtadaie
Abstract
The study, legislative futures, aims to observe the conflictual futures in legislative governance of Islamic Parliament and is focused on the concept of “Proportion of Alternative Futures” including conflict, cooperation and coordination. Observation is a form of prognosis, so achieving such ...
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The study, legislative futures, aims to observe the conflictual futures in legislative governance of Islamic Parliament and is focused on the concept of “Proportion of Alternative Futures” including conflict, cooperation and coordination. Observation is a form of prognosis, so achieving such a thing leads to making the legislative system agile and responsive and reacting roactively and on time in the face of new and emerging legislative changes and transformations. “In which direction will the future of conflictual futures in legislative governance move?” is researched. In two sections “Proportion of Alternative Futures” and “Conflictual Futures of Legislations” with the help of two separate questionnaires, experts’ opinions and Fuzzy Delphi, experts’ opinions have been collected and analyzed. The results of the research are implied on: The strengthening of the executive ranch and weakening of the role and position of legislative branch; The strengthening of the customary and popular aspect; The strengthening of lobbying and the weakening of legal procedure; The growth of the position of technology and artificial intelligence; Centeralism and unicameral state; and inability to achieve partisanship.
International Relations
Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi; Farhad Ghasemi
Abstract
The emergence of the new wars and the problem of controlling them, has recently become the main concern of the international actors. Yet, the existing literature in the International Relations hasn’t response to this problem properly. The main purpose of this article is to develop an appropriate ...
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The emergence of the new wars and the problem of controlling them, has recently become the main concern of the international actors. Yet, the existing literature in the International Relations hasn’t response to this problem properly. The main purpose of this article is to develop an appropriate deterrence model in order to control the networked wars, which have been classified as 4th generation of warfare in the chaotic-complex international system. To answer the question ‘How networked wars can be managed’, this article has introduced intensive networked deterrence as an answer. Using the abduction reasoning, this paper chose the best explanation of the behavior of the complex international system as the complex adaptive system in the age of chaos. Considering the transformation of international order to bifurcated order, intensive networked deterrence is an instrument applied by the owner of intensive power at the regional or international system to build the threat equation. Intensive networked deterrence, as an innovative sample of the sixth wave of deterrence theory, has been modeled, and its aspects on the current situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the regional network of West Asia have been investigated
Political Psychology
shohreh pirani; Sajjad sharifasgari
Abstract
Mossadegh is an influential figure in the modern history of Iran, whose anti-colonial and anti-authoritarian actions in the field of nationalizing the oil industry and confronting the policies of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah are well recalled by Iranians. Most writings on Mossadegh believe that Mossadegh's ...
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Mossadegh is an influential figure in the modern history of Iran, whose anti-colonial and anti-authoritarian actions in the field of nationalizing the oil industry and confronting the policies of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah are well recalled by Iranians. Most writings on Mossadegh believe that Mossadegh's failure to advance the rights of the Iranian people, both nationally and internationally arenas was due to the actions and conspiracies of his domestic and international enemies and opponents, and few writings attribute this problem to the personality of Mossadegh and his decisive style. In this article, to examine Mossadegh's character based on oral history and books published about Mossadegh's life, we are looking for an answer to the question of how Mossadegh's personality influenced macro-political decisions and the type of interaction he had with the people. To this purpose, our method in this article is a qualitative document analysis based on library resources. To achieve the goal of this work is a combination of the type of personality theory of Karen Horney's and the personality model of C. G. Jung.
International Relations
Seyed Hamzeh Safavi; Amirhossein Elhami; Ahmad Ramezani
Abstract
The main concern of this research is the investigation of China's strategic presence in Southwest Asia in the horizon of 2033 and its effects on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative), the research strategy is explorative, its time ...
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The main concern of this research is the investigation of China's strategic presence in Southwest Asia in the horizon of 2033 and its effects on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. the research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative), the research strategy is explorative, its time horizon is medium-term (10 years) and data collection is also mixed (documentary-field). First, by document study and interviews, 67 driving forces of China's strategic presence in 8 parameters of PESTEL+DS (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal, defense and security) In addition to 7 global - regional trends were identified. Then, with questionnaire the effectiveness, importance and uncertainty of them was determined (according to the Lawshe coefficient, the validity of 55 driving forces - trends was confirmed and 19 driving forces - trends did not achieve the desired validity). in total, 22 driving forces - trends above the significance and uncertainty threshold values were selected. Then, with Friedman's test, 7 driving forces were selected, and their qualitative states were also extracted. Finally, 4 scenarios with zero inconsistency were drafted and edited with the questionnaire of cross influence matrix and scenario wizard software, and their effects on the national security of IRI were evaluated.
International Relations
Abdul Majid Seifi; hossein delavar
Abstract
As the United States expands its attention to the East in an effort to contain China,Beijing deepens its policy of diversifying its relations in order to reduce the negative effects of the United States'focus on East Asia.Part of this diversification has been leaning towards the strategy of occidentalism ...
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As the United States expands its attention to the East in an effort to contain China,Beijing deepens its policy of diversifying its relations in order to reduce the negative effects of the United States'focus on East Asia.Part of this diversification has been leaning towards the strategy of occidentalism or focusing on West Asia.Among the countries of West Asia,the expansion of China's relations with Saudi Arabia is a good example of China's occidentalism strategy due to its important role in the energy market and its influence on a wide range of Islamic and Arab states.In this regard, the main question of this research is what is the position of occidentalism in China's Strategic behavior?How is the position of Saudi Arabia defined in this occidentalism strategy?The findings of the research show that due The state of power distribution in the international system and the creation of new opportunities in the areas of need for energy resources,Countering the expansion of US influence, and initiatives such as the New Silk Road,the position of occidentalism in China's Strategic behavior has been strengthened and Saudi Arabia has a key position in this strategy.The article is done using historical research method with descriptive-analytical approach and explanatory method
Political Science
Mehdi Azizi; Ali Abedi Renani; Ali Ismaili Ardakani
Abstract
Virtual social networks have a very important and decisive role in today's human life. According to the technical conditions and the possibility of action that they create for their audience, these media create opportunities and threats for their users at the same time. In Iran, the filtering policy ...
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Virtual social networks have a very important and decisive role in today's human life. According to the technical conditions and the possibility of action that they create for their audience, these media create opportunities and threats for their users at the same time. In Iran, the filtering policy has always been seriously criticized. in this applied research, considering the importance of the role of ethics in policy-making, which can make policy-making less expensive while being easily accepted by the people, we have investigated the ethical justification of filtering in social networks. The data collection method of this research is a combination of library and field methods
According to the findings of this research, the absolute majority of the respondents did not consider the filtering policy to be ethical. According to the audience, filtering is in conflict with ethical standards in the following areas: Lack of justification and persuasion of people, violation of individual rights and human dignity, damage to people's interests, ineffectiveness and impracticality, context of violation and corruption, injustice in access to cyberspace facilities, unfairness and weakening of honesty and transparency. Finally, practical suggestions were presented to reduce the consequences of filtering.
Political Sociology
Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ashayeri; Tahereh Jahanparvar
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to combine the findings of qualitative and quantitative research on the obstacles to women's political participation in Iran.The research method is a Meta synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies in the period of 2007-2021 with a non-probability deliberate ...
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The purpose of this research is to combine the findings of qualitative and quantitative research on the obstacles to women's political participation in Iran.The research method is a Meta synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies in the period of 2007-2021 with a non-probability deliberate method; the sample size is equal to 23 research documents. These documents were selected according to the credibility and validity of the research, the quality of the research, the scientific-research criteria, and the relationship with the obstacles to women's political participation. The research findings show that the main obstacles to women's political participation in Iran are divided into six categories: social, cultural, political, economic, psychological and demographic obstacles; that, social barriers including the male atmosphere of society, social discrimination: genderization of jobs; Cultural barriers such as tradition and cultural norms, educational system, tribal-patriarchal patterns; Political obstacles include political obstruction, political beliefs, male political dominance, low political culture; Economic obstacles including economic inequality, economic anomie, financial dependence; And psychological obstacles include low self-confidence, psychological beliefs, feeling of psychological anomie) and demographic (climate, location, family, physiological. The political participation of women as a large part of the country's population leads to the improvement of the decision-making situation,
Political economy
malek Avarideh; ali Mokhtari; ali bagheri dolatabadi
Abstract
In foreign policy, America has always used sanctions as an inhumane tool against countries that are not aligned with it. This approach was intensified during the presidency of Donald Trump and included the fields of finance, banking, insurance, transportation and shipping. The main question is what effect ...
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In foreign policy, America has always used sanctions as an inhumane tool against countries that are not aligned with it. This approach was intensified during the presidency of Donald Trump and included the fields of finance, banking, insurance, transportation and shipping. The main question is what effect has the imposed sanctions of the Trump administration had on the social and political capital of Iran? The hypothesis of the research points to the reduction of Iran's social and politicalcapital during the tightening of sanctions. A explanatory-analytical method based on library documents and data has been used to measure the research hypothesis. The findings of the research show that the sanctions have had a negative impact on the country's economic situation and the drop in economic indicators such as economic growth, increase in the exchange rate, inflation and inequality has turned the society's view towards livelihood and survival more than in the past. As a result of the predominance of livelihood over action and thinking, destructive effects in the social spheres (increase in crime, immigration), culture (decrease in attention to non-governmental organizations and artistic and cultural activities) and politics (decrease in political participation, spread of protests, collective violence and lawlessness) has emerged.
Political Sociology
Pegah Kheirollahi; Hamid Dehghani; hamid nassaj
Abstract
The Islamic revolution in Iran, as one of the steps in the democratization process has been studied in many different aspects however there are no studies that have concentrated on its state-society relations. This article was done to study state relations from 1963 to 1979 by the historical institutionalism ...
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The Islamic revolution in Iran, as one of the steps in the democratization process has been studied in many different aspects however there are no studies that have concentrated on its state-society relations. This article was done to study state relations from 1963 to 1979 by the historical institutionalism method. At first, the most important events in the mentioned period were reviewed and the mode of interaction between the state and society was studied then the historical institutionalism method and casual and temporal relations of social and political events were determined. The results of the research have shown that at the beginning of the revolution process (1963), the state was powerful however confrontational policies of the state during many years, caused that after the Black Friday event in Iran, despite the state tried to make the political arena freer, the society used that opportunity against the state until its overcoming on the state.
International Relations
Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei
Abstract
During the years 2015-2023, we can witness growing and stable relations between Iran and Russia. The structural components have a limiting and controlling role in some periods, and in others as a catalyst, they have facilitated and accelerated the development process of the relations between the two ...
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During the years 2015-2023, we can witness growing and stable relations between Iran and Russia. The structural components have a limiting and controlling role in some periods, and in others as a catalyst, they have facilitated and accelerated the development process of the relations between the two countries. Two structural components in the foreign policy of the two countries have affected the dynamics of bilateral relations. First, the JCPOA, in which Russia played an important role. The second component was the Ukraine crisis in 2022, and Iran’s role has been noticed by analysts. The development model of Iran-Russia relations since 2015 is influenced by these two components. In this article, we seek to answer the main question and problem, which structural components have affected the development model of relations between Iran and Russia in this period? Our primary hypothesis to answer the main issue of the article is the JCPOA as a structural factor affecting Iran's foreign policy and the Ukraine war 2022 as a structural factor affecting Russia's foreign policy. The type of encounter of two countries with the structural factors affecting the other, has led to proliferation of these relations
